Skip to main content

INTELLIGENCE SYSTEMS

We had seen about the artificial intelligence Now, we will discussing about what is intelligence and what are the intelligence systems?



Article includes :

  * What is intelligence?
  * Types of intelligence
  * Theories of intelligence 
  * IQ
  * Intelligence composed of ?


What is Intelligence?


The ability of a system to calculate, reason, perceive relationships and analogies, learn from 
experience, store and retrieve information from memory, solve problems, comprehend 
complex ideas, use natural language fluently, classify, generalize, and adapt new situations.



Types of intelligence systems :


  
     
 Type  Description Example
 Linguistic intelligence Ability to create speak, recognize,use mechanism of phonology (speed sound),syntax(grammar),semantic(meaning) Narrators,
Oraters
 Musical intelligence ability to create communication with and understanding meaning made of the sound, understanding of pitch,rhythm musicians,
Singers
Composers
 Logical mathematical intelligence ability to create use and understand relationships in absence of action or objects.understanding complex and abstract ideas. Mathematician,
Scientists
 Spatial intelligence ability to perceive visual or spatial information,change it and recreate visual images without reference to objects, constant 3D images and to move and rotate them map readers,
Astronauts,
Physicists
 Bodily kinesthetic intelligence ability to use, complete or part of body to solve problems or fashion products, control over fine, and worse motor skills and manipulate objects players,
Dancers
 Intra personal intelligence ability to distinguish among one's own feelings,intensions and motivations Gautam Buddha
 Inter personal intelligence ability to recognize and make distinctions among other people's feelings, beliefs and intensions mass communicators,
Interviewers


Theories of Intelligence



Different researchers have proposed a variety of theories to explain the nature of intelligence. Here are some of the major theories of intelligence that have emerged during the last 100 years.

General Intelligence

British psychologist Charles Spearman (1863–1945) described a concept he referred to as general intelligence or the g factor. After using a technique known as factor analysis to examine some mental aptitude tests, Spearman concluded that scores on these tests were remarkably similar.

People who performed well on one cognitive test tended to perform well on other tests, while those who scored badly on one test tended to score badly on others. He concluded that intelligence is a general cognitive ability that can be measured and numerically expressed.

Primary Mental Abilities

Psychologist Louis L.Thurstone (1887–1955) offered a differing theory of intelligence. Instead of viewing intelligence as a single, general ability, Thurstone's theory focused on seven different primary mental abilities.
  1. Associative memory: The ability to memorize and recall
  2. Numerical ability: The ability to solve arithmetic problems
  3. Perceptual speed: The ability to see differences and similarities among objects
  4. Reasoning: The ability to find rules
  5. Spatial visualization: The ability to visualize relationshipsVerbal
  6. comprehension: The ability to define and understand words
  7. Word fluency: The ability to produce words rapidly

Theory of Multiple Intelligences

One of the more recent ideas to emerge is Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Gardner proposed that the traditional idea of intelligence, based on IQ testing, did not fully and accurately depict a person's abilities.

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Psychologist Robert Sternberg defined intelligence as "mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection, and shaping of real-world environments relevant to one's life."

While he agreed with Gardner that intelligence is much broader than a single, general ability, he suggested that some of Gardner's types of intelligenceare better viewed as individual talents. Sternberg proposed what he referred to as "successful intelligence,"

IQ : INTELLIGENT QUETIONENT.


What is the IQ test ?

IQ test which is also known as ‘Intelligence Quotient’ test, comes in various forms. It was first used in France to diagnose students with learning disabilities so they receive what nowadays is called special education. At the present time, it’s not only used to identify those with mental disabilities but also to identify those who are intellectually gifted.

How is my IQ score calculated? 

An IQ score is calculated based on a norm group with an average score of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. The standard deviation of 15 means, 68% of individuals have scored between 85 and 115. This means the average score will always be 100 and 95% of individuals will score between 70 and 130.

What is composed of?

The intelligence is intangible. It is composed of:


1. Reasoning
2. Learning
3. Problem Solving
4. Perception
5. Linguistic Intelligence



Difference between Human and Machine Intelligence

  • Humans perceive by patterns whereas the machines perceive by set of rules and data.
  • Humans store and recall information by patterns, machines do it by searching algorithms. For example, the number 40404040 is easy to remember, store and recall, as it is simple.
  •  Humans can figure out the complete object even if some part of it is missing or distorted; whereas the machines cannot correctly.
Books :

There are many Books available on intelligence. 



Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

SEO - SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION

What is SEO? SEO stands for  Search engine Optimization , which is the practice of increasing the  quantity  and  quality  of traffic to your website through  organic search engine results . What goes into SEO? To understand the true meaning of SEO , let's break that definition down and look at the parts: Quality of traffic.  You can attract all the visitors in the world, but if they're coming to your site because Google tells them you're a resource for Apple computers when really you're a farmer selling apples, that is not quality traffic. Instead you want to attract visitors who are genuinely interested in products that you offer. Quantity of traffic.  Once you have the right people clicking through from those search engine results pages (SERPs), more traffic is better. Organic results .  Ads make up a significant portion of many SERPs. Organic traffic is any traffic that you don't have to pay for. Organic search traffic is specifically any unpaid tra
1 comment
Read more

OFF PAGE SEO

Off-Page SEO What is off-page SEO? "Off-page SEO " (also called "off-site SEO") refers to actions taken outside of your own website to impact your rankings within search engine results pages (SERPs).   Optimizing for off site rankings factor involves improving search engine and user perception of a site's popularity, relevance trustworthiness    and authority . This is accomplished by other reputable places on the Internet (pages, sites, people, etc.) linking to or promoting your website, and effectively "vouching" for the quality of your content. Why does off-page SEO matter? While search algorithms and ranking factors are constantly changing, the general consensus within the  SEO community is that the relevance, trustworthiness, and authority that effective off-page SEO affords a website still play a major role in a page's ability to rank. While we don't know the full algorithm Google uses to rank content , data from
2 comments
Read more

SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING

Social Media Marketing: The Ultimate Guide But why is social media  marketing so important?  Why should you spend time creating social media accounts for your business? ? In this guide, we’ll cover the answers to all of these questions — but first, let’s define social media marketing. What Is Social Media Marketing? Benefits of Social Media Marketing Create a Social Media Marketing Strategy Social Media Marketing Resources What is social media marketing? Social media  marketing is the action of creating content to promote your business and products on various social media platforms such as Facebook , Instagram, and Twitter. Your unique content should be tailored to the specific platform it’s being shared on to help you boost conversions and increase brand awareness. Social media marketing is all about meeting your target audience and customers where they are and as they socially interact with each other and your brand. While social media marketing as a whole is incredibly
1 comment
Read more

SEM- SEARCH ENGINE MARKETING

Search Engine Marketing (SEM): What It Is & How to Do It Right Search engine marketing , or SEM, is one of the most effective ways to grow your business in an increasingly competitive marketplace. With millions of businesses out there all vying for the same eyeballs, it’s never been more important to advertise online, and search engine marketing is the most effective way to promote your products and grow your business. In this guide, you'll learn an overview of search engine marketing basics as well as some tips and strategies for doing search engine marketing right. Search Engine Marketing – An Overview search engine marketing is the practice of marketing a business using paid advertisements that appear on search engine results pages (or  SERPs ). Advertisers bid on keywords that users of services such as Google and Bing might enter when looking for certain products or services, which gives the advertiser the opportunity for their ads to appear alongside results f
1 comment
Read more

ON PAGE SEO

On-Page SEO Basics What is On-Page SEO? On-page  SEO (also known as “on-site SEO”) is the practice of optimizing web page content for search engines and users. Common on-page SEO practices include optimizing title tags, content, internal links and URLs. This is different from Off page SEO , which is optimizing for signals that happen off of your website (for example, back links ). Why is On-Page SEO Important? Does traditional on-page SEO still make a difference in 2020? Yup! Even though Google is MUCH smarter than it was back in the day, they still use old school stuff (like looking for a specific keyword on your page). And there’s data to back this up. Our analytics of 1M Google Search  found a correlation between keyword-rich title tags and first page rankings. And if you search for any competitive keyword, you’ll notice that the top ranking pages almost all use that exact keyword in their title tag. That said: There’s more to on-page  SEO than cramming keywords into y
Post a Comment
Read more